This book explains the role of civil society organizations in the searching the way of peace for the Muslims in the regions ofthe Muslim minority in Southeast Asia. Muslim Pattani, southern Thailand and the Bangsamoro in the southern Philippines. shows that a variety of civil society organizations in both the Muslim regions has an important role and tend to distance themselves or act impartially from political groups which are polarized between those who follow the path of separatism and others that promotes integration. However, organizations that still carry the aspirations of substantive, such as the aspiration of natural resources management and effort to build self-government. Strengthening the role of Muslims civil society in conflict resolution goes hand in hand with the process of globalization which shows that paradoxical phenomenon. Namely, on one hand, the increasingly strong global influence on local issues. On the other hand, the strengthening of local identity, either in the form of the mobilization of ethnic identity or religious. In this context, Islam becomes one identity that rebounds.